The term "electrostate" carries two distinct meanings: a country that leads in producing clean energy technologies, like China, and a country that consumes a high share of electricity in its final energy use. China exemplifies both, dominating clean-tech manufacturing and rapidly increasing electricity consumption.

However, many countries, such as Bangladesh and Pakistan, are focusing on becoming consumer electrostates by electrifying their economies without leading in clean energy production. This approach offers immense benefits, including greater efficiency, cleaner air, and enhanced energy security. Electricity, even when generated from fossil fuels, reduces emissions compared to direct combustion, and technologies like heat pumps and electric vehicles lower carbon footprints even on dirtier grids.

While some nations might aspire to compete with China in manufacturing, the global clean energy market's consolidation and China's price dominance make this challenging. Instead, expanding electricity consumption unlocks economic growth, improves education and healthcare, and reduces vulnerability to fossil fuel price shocks.

Ultimately, policymakers should clarify their goals: striving to be a producer electrostate is difficult and costly, but an absolute imperative for a country such as India - we can't afford to be only a consumer electrostate. Nevertheless, becoming a consumer electrostate by electrifying the economy offers broader social, economic, and environmental advantages, making it a more relevant and achievable path for most nations.